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Carl Ludvig Engel (1778-1840) |
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Carl Engel was born in Berlin in Germany. He worked as municipal architect of Tallinn in Estonia, and also in St. Petersburg in Russia before moving to Finland in 1816. Engel became the architect of rebuilding committee from 1816 to 1824 being responsible for the design of the public buildings in Helsinki. After the project, he was appointed the director of public construction in Finland until his death in 1840.
He is known for his Empire design which is a variant of Palladian Neoclassicism resembling the colossal temples of Rome, and emphasizing pediments, columns, pilasters, and harmonious colour of the exterior. During his directorship, the Empire style had a remarkable effect on architectural design in the country, and it became the example of good architecture in all over Finland.
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Although he was responsible for the design of a city, his cardinal work was the design of Helsinki Cathedral, which is the most famous building in Helsinki. Engel was the 19th century's most prominent architectural figure in Finland.
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Helsinki Cathedral
1830-1852
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| The following are examples of his works |
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Vuojoki Manor
1836
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Sannas Manor
1836-1837
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Holy Trinity Church, Helsinki
1825-1826
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Turku Orthodox Church
1839-1846
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Helsinki Cathedral
(Pulpit)
1830-1852
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Turku Cathedral
(Altar complex)
1830s
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Tampere Old Church
(Belfry)
1828-1829
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Traskanda Manor
(Neo-Gothic Granary)
1820s
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Traskanda Manor
(Summerhouse)
1820s
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Moisio Manor
(Summerhouse)
cir. 1830
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Josef Daniel Stenback (1854-1929) |
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Josef Stenback was an architect and engineer, and the most productive church designer of his time. He has designed 35 churches and dozens of church remodelings. His churches can be classified into four categories based on the exterior material containing wood, brick, stone and plaster. However, stone church with massive appearance is most typical of his design. Stenback is known for his National Romantic and Art Nouveau designs, but also some of his earlier works reflect influences of Late Gothic Revival.
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| The following are examples of his works |
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Kotka Church
1897-1898
(Gothic Revival)
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Juselius Mausoleum, Pori
1903
(Gothic Revival)
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Karuna Church, Sauvo
1908-1910
(National Romanticism)
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Pyharanta Church
1907-1909
(National Romanticism)
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Ilmari Launis (1881-1955) |
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Ilmari Launis worked in the department of public construction as an architect, and was one of the most productive church designers in Finland. He became the leading figure in the early 20th century church architecture along with Josef Stenback. Launis has designed many ecclesiastical buildings including 16 churches, and made numerous altarpieces and stained glass. His design was unique in its style which had elements of several architectural styles, and was unaffected by trends.
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| The following are examples of his works |
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Kalvola Church
1919-1921
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Pornainen Church
1924
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Lars Eliel Sonck (1870-1956) |
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Michael's Church
1899-1905
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Lars Sonck became known at the age of 23 when he won the competition to design Michael's Church in Turku in 1894. He designed the church in the Neo-Gothic style, but during the construction, he modified the details with influence of Art Nouveau. In 1900, he won the competition for St. John's Church in Tampere (Tampere Cathedral), and it became his most notable work.
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During his life, Sonck designed churches, public offices, residental buildings, and log cabins, and also prepared town and city plans. He is known for his Art Nouveau designs, but his later works show elements of Classicism. Lars Sonck is one of most remarkable architects in the National Romantic era.
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Tampere Cathedral
1902-1907
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| The following are examples of his works |
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Kallio Church,
Helsinki
1908-1912
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Mikael Agricola Church,
Helsinki
1933-1935
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Mariehamn Church,
Aland
1926-1927
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The Church of St. Jacob,
Paimio
1928
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Villa Billnas
1916-1917
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Rantahotelli
1917
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